ABSTRACT
Although the conventional therapies have obviously improved the conditions of patients with cancer, some mechanisms of resistance have led scientists to use alternative agents that can penetrate in most solid tumors. Furthermore, the success of cancer therapies depends on limiting the uptake of toxins to normal tissues and their selectivity towards malignant cells. The involvement of natural and genetically modified non-pathogenic bacterial species, as potential antitumor agents, has led scientists to study bacteria and their products as an ideal vector for delivering therapeutic components to tumors. Moreover, bacterial ghosts, microbots and bactofection are the other strategies to destruct the malignant tissues. Although it has shown to achieve successful results in vivo, further investigations on the targeting mechanisms of the bacteria are needed to make it a complete therapeutic approach in cancer treatment
ABSTRACT
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer type in men and is the second cause of death, due to cancer, in patients over 50, after lung cancer. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a widely used tumor marker for prostate cancer. Recently, PSA is discovered in non-prostatic cancer tissues in men and women raising doubts about its specificity for prostatic tissues. PSA exists in low serum level in healthy men and in higher levels in many prostate disorders, including prostatitis and prostate cancer. Thus, a supplementary tumor marker is needed to accurately diagnose the cancer and to observe the patient after treatment. Recently, soluble human leukocyte antigen-G (sHLA-G) has been introduced as a new tumor marker for different cancer types, including colorectal, breast, lung, and ovary. The present descriptive-experimental study was carried out including patients with malignant prostate tumor, patients with benign prostate tumor, and a group of health men as the control group, as judged by an oncologist as well as a pathologist. After sterile blood sampling, sHLA-G was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in each group. The data was then analyzed using one-way ANOVA. P≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The results showed that the mean of sHLA-G level was high in patients. Also, it was found that there was a significant difference in sHLA serum level between the three groups. The data revealed that sHLA-G can be a novel supplementary tumor marker in addition to PSA to diagnose prostate cancer.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Breast , Cause of Death , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Leukocytes , Lung , Lung Neoplasms , Ovary , Prostate , Prostate-Specific Antigen , Prostatic Neoplasms , Prostatitis , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
No abstract available.
ABSTRACT
Metallo beta-lactamases [MBLs] producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa [P. aeruginosa] isolates are becoming an escalating global threat. Among the antibiotics used to treat infections associated with P. aeruginosa, resistance to carbapenem is a serious therapeutic challenge. The aim of the present study was to detect MBL-producing P. aeruginosa and to evaluate the extracts of Urtica. dioica, Carum. copticum, and Zataria multiflora on these clinical pathogens
The study was performed on hospitalized burn patients during 2014
Antibiotic susceptibility testing was assessed by broth micro dilution and disc diffusion methods. The MBLs were detected using combination disk diffusion test [CDDT] phenotypically. Then, PCR and sequencing methods were carried out to detect the MBL encoding genes. Among 83 imipenem resistant P. aeruginosa strains, 48 [57.9%] isolates were MBL-producing P. aeruginosa. PCR and sequencing methods confirmed that these strains were blaIMP-1 positive genes, whereas none were positive for blaVIM genes. Hospitalized burn patients with MBL-producing P.aeruginosa infection had 4/48 [8.3%] mortality rate. It was demonstrated that C. copticum, U. dioica, and Z. multiflora extracts had significant antibacterial effects on regular and IMP-producing P. aeruginosa strains
The prevalence of MBL-producing P. aeruginosa isolates in burn patients is generally very high. All MBL-producing strains encode the blaIMP-1 gene. Therefore, detection of MBL-producing strains has major importance in identifying drug resistance patterns in P. aeruginosa and in controlling of infections. In the current study, the extracts from C. copticum, U. dioica, and Z. multiflora had high antibacterial effects against beta-lactamase producing P. aeruginosa isolates?
ABSTRACT
Introduction: SOX9 is a transcriptional activator which is necessary for chondrogenesis. SOX6 are closely related to DNA-binding proteins that critically enhance its function. Therefore, to carry out the growth plate chondrocyte differentiation program, SOX9 and SOX6 collaborate genomewide. Chondrocyte differentiation is also known to be promoted by glucocorticoids through unknown molecular mechanisms
Methods: We investigated the effects of asynthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone [DEX], on SOX9 gene expression in chondrocytes
Results: SOX9 mRNA was expressed at high levels in these chondrocytes. Treatment with DEX resulted in enhancement of SOX9 mRNA expression. The DEX effect was dose dependent [0·5 nM and 1 nM]
Conclusion: RT-PCR analysis revealed that DEX also enhanced the levels of SOX9 expression. It was observed that DEX had enhancing effect only on SOX9 the expression level was low for SOX6. It can thus be concluded that chondrocyte differentiation can be promoted by DEX via SOX9 enhancement
ABSTRACT
Variations in arterial anatomy are less frequent, contrary to the venous system, and most of these variations affect visceral arteries. Variations in the brachial artery are the most frequently reported and so far a minimum of six different patterns have been described. The most common of these patterns is the superficial brachial artery, which lies superficially to the median nerve. Much less prevalent is the high origin of the radial artery [brachioradial artery] or the existence of a doubled brachial artery [accessory brachial artery]. The current study presents a pattern of brachial artery variation which was previously undescribed. During dissection of the right upper limb of a 50 year-old male embalmed cadaver, the bifurcation of the brachial artery in the proximal portion of the middle third of the arm was observed. In this case, the medial branch reaches the medial aspect of the arm, posterior to the median nerve. Afterwards, this medial branch redirects laterally and crosses the median nerve again, this time lying anterior to the nerve till it reaches the lateral aspect of the arm. At the elbow level, the medial branch originates from the radial artery. The lateral branch of the brachial artery remains lateral to the median nerve and continues as ulnar artery and originates from the interosseous artery. It was also observed that the left brachial artery was smaller in size, and bifurcated high in the arm into the superficial radial and ulnar arteries. It was also interesting to note that the common interosseous artery was originated from the left radial artery in the cubital fossa, which descended deep to pronator teres where it was divided into the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries. These variations are discussed comprehensively and compared with the previous reports. Also, it is asserted how clinically the findings are significant
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Multiple sclerosis [MS] is a disease of the immune system: it attacks the myelin around the axons and leaves them exposed. Destruction of myelin weakens the electrical conduction of ions and thus leads to a lack of communication in the nervous system
Methods: In the present study, we constructed recombinant plasmid and then transformed to E. coli cell. The colonies containing plasmid were selected by Colony PCR. Enzyme digestion and sequencing were utilized to approve the accuracy of the extracted plasmid of these clones. Recombinant plasmid transfect in to mesanchymal stem cells
Results: Plasmid was verified correctly. After transfection, the transcription of MOG gene and the expression of MOG protein were proved by RT-PCR, western blotting and Elisa
Conclusion: Plasmid was constructed correctly and mesenchyme stem cells were successfully transfected by transfection and protein can be expressed well, setting a proper foundation for the future studies on the transplantation of gene modified mesanchymal stem cells in order to promote Multiple sclerosis
ABSTRACT
During the past few years, researchers and practitioners have developed novel techniques, using ansa cervicalis to innervate muscles of the larynx paralyzed due to surgical procedures carried out in the chest and neck areas. During routine dissection of a middle-age male cadaver, an unusual course of the superior root of the ansa cervicalis was observed. In this case, the superior root of the ansa cervicalis fused with the vagus and ran within the carotid sheath, and then joined the inferior root forming the ansa cervicalis in the anterior wall of the carotid sheath. The study of this case will add to our current knowledge of ansa cervicalis and thus aid prevention of injury to the nerve during various surgical procedures